A custom-built computer can be the best compromise of price and performance.
A computer isn't a single, simple device. It's actually an ecosystem
of multiple devices from different manufacturers, even if every part you
see has the same brand name on it. That's because even the biggest
computer makers purchase their parts from the same companies whose
products fill your local electronics
store. If you're willing to put a bit of time into research, you can
select specific components for a computer that meets your needs exactly.
Ideally you'd just buy the largest and fastest of everything, but in
the real world that's an expensive option.
Motherboard
Your computer's motherboard, processor and memory are its core
components. Choose a motherboard first, because its speed, sockets and
expansion options affect your remaining choices. High-performance
motherboards have more slots for RAM and expansion cards, and can
accommodate the most powerful processors. They also have a faster system
bus, meaning they transfer data more quickly between the CPU and RAM.
Other motherboards are designed for compact size and low power
consumption, or varying levels of price and performance. Some have
graphics and sound built in, while others assume you'll want to choose
your own.
CPU and RAM
Your processor and RAM work closely to provide your system with most
of its performance. Intel and rivals AMD manufacture a range of dual-
and quad-core processors, varying widely in processing power and
electrical consumption. Your choices are determined by your
motherboard's processor socket, which will support a specific family of
processors. In general, quad-core processors are more powerful than
dual-core, but unless you run high-end games or powerful application
software, you might see little benefit from the added cost. RAM should
match the bus speed of your motherboard, and always buy more than you
think you'll need.
Major Subsystems
After those core components, your video and storage subsystems have
the biggest impact on your system. Some motherboards include a video
chipset, which will work fine for light-duty uses such as Web browsing
and word processing. For games and other image-intensive programs, it's
better to have a powerful standalone graphics card. A top-end graphics
card can cost more than a basic computer, so exercise restraint unless
you definitely need the horsepower. Your hard drive is also an important
factor in overall performance. Larger is better, as a rule. Compare
your options against what's included in mainstream computers, and buy at
least one size larger.
Other Components
With your system's main components decided, it's time to pick the
remaining pieces that round out a complete system. A keyboard and mouse
are fundamental choices. Pick ones that feel good under your hands,
because you'll use them a lot. Ergonomic keyboards can help prevent
repetitive stress injuries. A wireless keyboard and mouse cut down on
cord clutter, though they'll need batteries.
A DVD or Blu-Ray drive adds movie capability, and makes it easier to
install software. They'll also let you burn files to blank DVDs for
storage. Flat-screen monitors in the 19- to 21-inch range are
inexpensive, and high-powered graphics cards can handle much larger
screens at high resolution.
Expansion and Connectivity
Older computers had a range of ports for connecting to various
devices. Those have mostly been replaced with USB slots, so you'll want
lots of those for connecting to printers, cameras and the dongles for
wireless accessories. Most computers also have speaker and microphone
jacks, and will support full surround-sound speaker sets. Add a webcam
for video chat or phone calls. Most motherboards include a wired network
card, requiring a cable to connect to your modem
or router. If you want the freedom of wireless connectivity, you'll
need to install a wireless network card into one of the motherboard's
expansion slots.
A computer isn't a single, simple device. It's actually an ecosystem
of multiple devices from different manufacturers, even if every part you
see has the same brand name on it. That's because even the biggest
computer makers purchase their parts from the same companies whose
products fill your local electronics
store. If you're willing to put a bit of time into research, you can
select specific components for a computer that meets your needs exactly.
Ideally you'd just buy the largest and fastest of everything, but in
the real world that's an expensive option.
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